How does coeliac disease develop?

Genetically, individuals carrying specific variants of the HLA-DQ genes, namely DQ2 and DQ8, have a higher susceptibility to the disease. These genes play a crucial role in the immune system, identifying foreign substances versus the body's own tissues. 

For some individuals with these genetic markers, when they are exposed to gluten—a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye—their immune system responds abnormally.

Exogenous Factors 

Environmental factors such as the timing of gluten introduction in an infant's diet, gut microbiota composition, and infections may also influence disease onset. Early exposure to gluten in an infant's diet might be a trigger for developing coeliac disease in genetically predisposed individuals. 

Understanding this intricate relationship between genetics and environmental factors is essential for managing coeliac disease. A gluten-free diet remains the primary treatment, alleviating symptoms and allowing the intestine to heal. Increased awareness and early diagnosis are vital to mitigate the impact of this autoimmune condition.